
It’s not just RFK Jr — Opposition to fluoride in drinking water grows
By Douglas Main
Opposition to the US practice of adding fluoride to drinking water supplies has been growing as more evidence accumulates linking fluoride exposure to potential harmful brain impacts in children. Now, the future of the practice could be in doubt, with Thursday’s confirmation of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as President Trump’s Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS).
Kennedy, an environmental health lawyer, has been calling for an end to fluoridation in public drinking water for years. And though it is the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that has regulatory oversight of fluoride levels in water supplies, the HHS plays a role in policy by publishing recommendations for fluoridation that many states follow.
An HHS task force currently recommends fluoridation based on “strong evidence of effectiveness in reducing tooth decay.”
But that could change. In his new role, Kennedy is widely expected to push for guidance against fluoridation.
Since Kennedy posted on X on November 2, 2024, that Donald Trump would end fluoridation if elected, it opened a floodgate of attention to the issue, said Chris Neurath, science research director with the anti-fluoridation group Fluoride Action Network.
That, combined with a high profile recent court case that ordered the EPA to re-evaluate the safety of fluoridation, and accumulating evidence of harm, have all caused a “snowball effect” of attention, according to Neurath.
“This elevation of the issue into the mainstream really is unique in the last 80 years,” Neurath said. Though evidence of harm keeps growing, he said, “the facts haven’t really changed — but the awareness of them has.”

Illnesses and deaths from food outbreaks skyrocketed in 2024, report finds
By Shannon Kelleher
Hospitalizations and deaths from foodborne illnesses more than doubled in 2024 over the prior year, with most people sickened in a small number of high-profile outbreaks involving lunch meat, eggs, cucumbers and other commonly consumed foods, according to a report published Thursday.
The report comes as some US lawmakers are pushing legislation that would bar the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) from implementing a new regulatory framework proposed under former President Joe Biden aimed at addressing Salmonella contamination in raw poultry.
A total of 1,392 were sickened from contaminated food in 2024, up from 1,1118 people in 2023, and the health impacts of the outbreaks was more severe, with 487 people hospitalized last year compared to 230 the previous year. Nineteen people died after eating contaminated food in 2024, compared to eight in 2023, according to the report.
Across 13 total outbreaks in 2024, almost all of the illnesses were caused by E. coli, Listeria, and Salmonella bacteria, including a large outbreak of illnesses tied to E. coli contaminated onions in McDonald’s Quarter Pounder burgers. A large outbreak that landed 60 people in the hospital was linked to listeria-contaminated products traced back to a now-shuttered Boar’s Head plant in Virginia. The number of food recalls because of Listeria, Salmonella or E. coli increased significantly in 2024, representing 39% of all recalls.
“This report serves as an important reminder that there cannot be any cuts to food safety funding or rollbacks in regulations,” said Brian Ronholm, the director of food policy for the nonprofit Consumer Reports who was not involved in the study. “Industry, regulators and consumers must be constantly vigilant about food safety and the data in this report shows that there is still much work to be done and improvements to be made.”

Microplastic pollution found “pervasive” in Antarctic snow
By Douglas Main
New research has found significant levels of tiny microplastics within Antarctic snow from multiple locations across the world’s most remote wilderness, findings that reinforce concerns that no part of the planet is safe from plastic pollution.
The paper, published this month in Science of the Total Environment, provides evidence that earlier studies have underestimated the extent of microplastic contamination in the region.
The first such study on the subject, published in 2022, found an average of 29 particles per liter of snow sampled. The new study, which used techniques that allow for greater detection of tiny materials, found that “microplastics were pervasive” at more than 3,000 particles per liter, with an average of around 800 particles. About 95% of these bits were under 50 microns, slightly smaller than the average width of a human hair.
Researchers now know that microplastics are essentially everywhere — the remote Amazon, inside human brains, plant roots, clouds — but to find them in such levels in the world’s most remote wilderness still came as a shock.
“It was surprising to see such high concentrations of microplastics in areas with a limited human footprint,” said study co-author Emily Rowlands, a researcher with the British Antarctic Survey.

“We need it” – Debate over dicamba herbicide in hands of Trump’s EPA
By Richard Mertens
Patsy Hopper dreamed of a home in the country with a garden and lots of trees. What she didn’t count on were the herbicides that would come drifting in, year after year, from the farmland around her, killing vegetables in her garden and wildflowers in the ditches and curling the leaves of the trees she had planted.
“I have a lot of trees dying,” said Hopper, who lives five miles from Urbana, Illinois. “I don’t think they’ll survive.”
Hopper isn’t alone. A popular weed killer called dicamba, which is used in growing crops such as soybeans and cotton, has in recent years become notorious for inflicting widespread damage well beyond the fields where it is sprayed. Dicamba drift, as it’s called, has harmed other farmers’ crops, as well as vegetable gardens, orchards, and natural vegetation. The damage has spawned lawsuits and caused hard feelings in rural communities. It even led to the killing of an Arkansas farmer in 2016.
Farmers have used dicamba to kill weeds since the 1960s. But new formulations developed by Monsanto, BASF and Syngenta to be used with genetically engineered crops tolerant of dicamba wreaked havoc when they came into use roughly 8 years ago, largely because they encouraged farmers to spray dicamba after their crops sprouted. These formulations are marketed to be used ‘over the top’ (OTT) because they are sprayed on top of growing crops, killing weeds but not the genetically engineered crops.
The warm weather that typically accompanies crop growth makes dicamba more prone to volatilize and drift. And since the rollout of the new dicamba products and the OTT use, thousands of incidents of “off-target” damage have been recorded across many states, mostly in the South and Midwest. Millions of acres of soybeans have been damaged.
Last year, a US court banned the use of the dicamba OTT weed killers. Now, as farmers prepare for their next planting season, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is again considering whether to grant approval to dicamba products used with dicamba-tolerant crops. The issue has divided rural communities and fostered heated debate.
Opponents want the use of OTT dicamba halted permanently. But many farmers say they need it. Agrochemical companies developed the dicamba system – new formulations of the herbicide to be used with crops engineered to tolerate it– as an alternative to Monsanto’s widely used chemical-crop system built around the weed killer glyphosate. Millions of acres now sprout weeds resistant to glyphosate, and many farmers say dicamba is among just a few herbicides that still work on the most troublesome weeds in their fields.
“It (dicamba) definitely is a big deal,” said Sam Whitaker, whose family grows rice, soybeans and cotton in Arkansas. “We need it.”

High-stakes hearing to debate state law limiting PCB injury claims
By Shannon Kelleher
Lawyers for three teachers in Washington state will face off against attorneys for the former Monsanto company in a key court hearing on Tuesday over alleged PCB-related injuries that could impact similar cases nationwide.
The teachers won a $185 million verdict in 2021 against Monsanto-owner Bayer AG for health problems they said were caused by their exposure to toxic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fluorescent lighting in the school where they worked. They alleged Monsanto concealed the dangers of PCBs to elevate company profits.
An appeals court overturned the verdict, then last year the plaintiffs asked the Washington Supreme Court to review the case on three issues, including whether or not a state statute that gives plaintiffs only 12 years to bring product liability claims is constitutional.
Each side will have 30 minutes to argue their positions to Washington Supreme Court panel of justices. The court is also expected to hear competing arguments over whether the plaintiffs should have been able to seek punitive damages and if testimony from a plaintiff’s exposure expert should have been excluded.
More than 200 other teachers, students and family members have sued Bayer alleging brain damage from exposure to PCBs at the same school.
The rest of these cases are “all kind of waiting in the wings behind this appeal,” said Deepak Gupta, an attorney for the plaintiffs with the Gupta Wessler law firm. “If Bayer were to win the statute of repose issue, the rest of the cases from the Washington state school would “just vanish,” he said. “It’s a complete immunity. So, the stakes are really high.”

Fluoride in drinking water – what the public needs to know
By Tom Theimer
After decades of debate, there no longer is any doubt that the widespread US practice of adding fluoride to drinking water is posing risks to our health.
The evidence that makes this clear has accumulated over many years, with much of it laid out in court files after a group of non-profits and individuals sued the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to end water fluoridation, alleging that fluoride’s neurotoxicity posed an unreasonable risk to human health.
The litigation led last year to a federal court ruling that fluoridated water is not safe. US District Judge Edward Chen stated in his September 24 decision that it was “proven” that “water fluoridation at the level of 0.7 mg/L” “presents an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment”.
Obama-appointed Judge Chen grilled both trial counsels without bias, and drilled down on the scientific nuances concerning fluoride’s neurotoxicity in coming to his conclusion. His 80-page ruling will be one for the history books of environmental law.
Judge Chen wrote in his ruling: “In all, there is substantial and scientifically credible evidence establishing that fluoride poses a risk to human health; it is associated with a reduction in the IQ of children and is hazardous at dosages that are far too close to fluoride levels in the drinking water of the United States.”
“One thing the EPA cannot do…in the face of this Court’s finding, is to ignore that risk,” the judge wrote.

Profiling of pesticide industry opponents halted after company practices exposed
By Carey Gillam, Margot Gibbs and Elena Debre
A US company that was secretly profiling hundreds of food and environmental health advocates in a private web portal has halted the operations in the face of widespread backlash after its actions were exposed by The New Lede and other reporting partners.
The St. Louis, Mo-based company, v-Fluence, is shuttering the service, which it called a “stakeholder wiki”, that featured personal details about more than 500 environmental advocates, scientists, politicians and others seen as opponents of pesticides and genetically modified (GM) crops. Among those targeted was Robert F. Kennedy Jr., President Trump’s controversial pick for Secretary of Health and Human Services.
The profiles often provided false and derogatory information about the industry opponents and included home addresses and phone numbers and details about family members, including children.
The profiles were provided to members of a private, invite-only web portal where v-Fluence also offered a range of other information to its roster of more than 1,000 members. The membership included staffers of US regulatory and policy agencies, executives from the world’s largest agrochemical companies and their lobbyists, academics and others.
The profiling was part of an effort to downplay pesticide dangers, discredit opponents and undermine international policymaking, according to court records, emails and other documents obtained by the non-profit newsroom Lighthouse Reports. Lighthouse collaborated with The Guardian, The New Lede, Le Monde, Africa Uncensored, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and other international media partners on the September 2024 publication of the investigation.
News of the profiling and the private web portal sparked outrage and threats of litigation by some of the people and organizations profiled.

Farm country fight – Battle rages over proposed legal protections for pesticide makers
By Carey Gillam
Pesticide company efforts to push through laws that could block litigation against them is igniting battles in several US farm states and pitting some farm groups against each other.
Laws have been introduced in at least 8 states so far and drafts are circulating in more than 20 states, backed by a deluge of advertising supporting the measures.
The fight is particularly fierce now in Iowa, where opponents call the pesticide-backed proposed law the “Cancer Gag Act”, due to high levels of cancer in Iowa that many fear are linked to the state’s large agricultural use of pesticides. Iowa has the second-highest rate of new cancer cases in the United States and the fastest-growing rate.
Organizers against the Iowa bill are planning a rally at the state capitol on Monday after the state senate voted Feb. 5 to advance the measure. The bill would bar people from suing pesticide manufacturers for failing to warn them of health risks, as long as the product labels are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Opponents say the legislation will rob farmers and others who use pesticides from holding companies accountable in court if their pesticide products cause disease or injury.
“We’re very worried. Our farmers feel that if they have an injuries or illnesses due to their use of a pesticide they should have access to the courts,” said Aaron Lehman, an Iowa corn and soybean farmer who is president of the Iowa Farmers Union. “We just don’t think the playing field should be tilted.”
But backers of the legislation say they’re trying to ensure farmers don’t lose access to beneficial weed killers, insecticide and other chemicals that are commonly used in growing food. They maintain that tort lawyers exploit and entice sick people to bring lawsuits that are not backed by scientific evidence, and such actions should be limited.
Several large farm groups, including the Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, are supporting the bill.
The actions in the states come alongside a simultaneous push for changes in federal law that would effectively preempt lawsuits brought by people claiming they developed cancers or other diseases due to their use of pesticides.
Postcard from California: The long-term public health toll of the LA fires
By Bill Walker
The horrific fires that incinerated more than 40,000 acres in Southern California last month were still burning when newly-inaugurated President Trump flew in to view the devastation. At a Jan. 24 press briefing with local officials, he groused that he had heard people who lost their homes would not be allowed to rebuild for up to 18 months.
Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass pointed out that, first, burned lots had to be cleared of hazardous waste. “The most important thing is for people to be safe,” she said.
“What’s hazardous waste?” Trump retorted. “You’re going to have to define that. Are we going to go through a whole series of questions on determining what’s hazardous waste? I just think you have to allow people to go on their site and start the [cleanup] process tonight.”
Despite what Trump may think, federal regulators have established clear definitions of hazardous waste. When the Palisades and Eaton fires consumed more than 16,000 homes and other structures in the Los Angeles area, they left behind over 4.25 million tons of it. While the fires have been contained, exposure to dangerous toxins in that lingering waste and in the smoke that choked the region for more than three weeks will, over time, claim many more victims than the 29 lives lost in the flames.
Heat, drought and the Santa Ana winds were the fires’ direct causes, but scientists say conditions were made worse by climate change. Park Williams, a hydroclimatologist at the University of California at Los Angeles, told NPR: “These fires are very likely more intense and dangerous … because of global warming.”
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) workers in hazmat gear are racing against a Trump-ordered Feb. 25 deadline to inspect each burn site and perform an initial cleanup. “We have to move five times the speed based on the directives we are getting,” an EPA official told Reuters. “Normally, this takes months.”
High levels of microplastics found in human brains
By Douglas Main
A new study has found high concentrations of tiny plastic particles in human brain samples, with levels appearing to climb over time.
The paper, published Monday in the journal Nature Medicine, found nanoplastics in each of the brain samples studied, and found a potential link between the presence of the plastics and several types of dementia.
“There’s much more plastic in our brains than I ever would have imagined or been comfortable with,” said Matthew Campen, a doctor and researcher at the University of New Mexico who is the lead author of the study.
The median concentration in brain samples collected from people who died in 2024 was nearly 5 micrograms of plastic per gram of brain tissue, tallying almost 0.5% by weight.
This total was 50% higher than it was just eight year prior, from brain samples acquired in 2016 (for various reasons, most brain samples become available these two years). This suggests the concentration of microplastics found in human brains is going up as plastic waste and microplastic pollution increases.
“You can draw a line — it’s increasing over time. It’s consistent with what you’re seeing in the environment,” Campen said.